英语语法

ten minute walk 为什麼不用加连字符,而100-metre long 就要

【问】在“The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news, for people had to come to love him as an inspiring leader and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.”句中的warm-hearted 这个词是不是可以省略连字符?在什么情况下使用连字符呢?

【答】warm-hearted这个词中的连字符是不能省略的。连字符的最大用处就是用来组合两个或两个以上的单词构成的词汇。举几个例子:

Tom is an eight-year-old boy. (eight-year-old, 八岁的)

They had a face-to-face talk last night. (face-to-face, 面对面的)

It is a fifteen-minute walk from my home to the school. (fifteen-minute, 十五分钟的)

在英语中,这样形成的单词一般作定语。如果不是作定语,则不能这样组合,并要注意单词的形式。对照看下面的一组句子。

Tom is eight years old.

They talked face to face last night.

有时,虽然作定语,但没有使用连字符,其单词的形式也要注意。象“It is a fifteen-minute walk from my home to the school”又可以这样表达:

It is fifteen minutes’ walk from my home to the school.

当然,一些意义固定的常用词,如果加上连字符就显得画蛇添足了。如:

Our classroom is on the third floor. (classroom中是不用连字符的)

We have only two classes on Friday afternoon. (classroom中是不用连字符的)

除了上述情况外,连字符还用在下列情形中:

1.在英语的数字中,十位和个位之间要使用连字符;100以上的复合序数词中and以后的部分,分数的分子和分母之间也要用连字符。如:

332 three hundred and thirty-two

17165 seventeen thousand one hundred and sixty-five

第152 one hundred and fifty-second (152nd)

1/4 one-fourth/a quarter, 也可不用连字符表达为:one fourth

3/4 three-fourths/three quarters,也可不用连字符表达为:three fourths

2/3 two-thirds,也可不用连字符表达为:two thirds

2.有些由若干个单词组合成的名词,也常用连字符。如:

comrade-in-arms 战友 (复数形式为comrades-in-arms)

runner-up 亚军 (复数形式为runners-up)

forget-me-not 勿忘草 (复数形式为forget-me-nots)

go-between 中间人 (复数形式为go-betweens)

tooth-brush 牙刷 (复数形式为tooth-brushes)

3.某些前缀和词根有时用连字符隔开,便于朗读。如:

semi-independent 半独立的

semi-conductor 半导体

4.在进行英文写作时,连字符可用于将一个词的一部分进行换行,可根据音节把单词劈开。例如:re-marry, hap-py等。这样运用连字符时,连字符要置于上一行的末尾;如果是一篇文章的最后一个字,通常是不用连字符的。
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