短暂性动词怎么变延续性动词规律

如题所述

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:stay, live, learn, study, work, wait, watch, sing, read等。

短暂性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等。

现在完成时常跟表示一段时间的时间状语,如“for +一段时间”、“since +时间点”、“during the past+一段时间 ”等,因此谓语必须是一种状态或表示延续性的动作,具体来说,它必须是延续性动词及其短语、短暂性动词及其短语的否定式,或表示状态的词或短语。

常用的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换

buy---have get up---be up borrow---keep

leave---be away from put on---be on

go to town---be in town lose---be missing

catch a cold---have a cold close---be not open

open(v.)---be open(adj.) fall ill---be ill

close---be not open come back---be back

join---be in /be a member

come to/arrive at(in)/reach/get to---be here/there

begin/start to learn/study/work/teach --- learn/study/work/teach

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:

(1)他死了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.
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第1个回答  2016-05-01
常用的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换

buy---have get up---be up borrow---keep

leave---be away from put on---be on

go to town---be in town lose---be missing

catch a cold---have a cold close---be not open

open(v.)---be open(adj.) fall ill---be ill

close---be not open come back---be back

join---be in /be a member

come to/arrive at(in)/reach/get to---be here/there

begin/start to learn/study/work/teach --- learn/study/work/teach