几乎每户日本人家都有这样一张地图，就是各个区役所发放的地区《灾害时避难场所》地图，里面标明了这个地区一旦发生洪水、台风、山崩、海啸和台风时的避难场所。
日本人的住家家具也很有特色。日本人的卧室里几乎没有家具，被褥等都放在壁橱里，壁橱都是横拉门。横拉门除了能够节省空间之外，还有一个特点就是不会在地震时由于晃动而自动开启，从而造成里面存放的东西滑出来伤人。日本家庭里比较沉重的家具一般都尽量支到天花板，实在支不到的在上面加上一个可伸缩的撑脚，尽量和天花板成为一体，避免地震时倒塌。日本人的汽车行李箱里一般也有一个“防灾箱”，里面是一些干粮、饮用水、手电筒、急救包什么的。
日本政府有一个以内阁总理大臣为会长的常设组织叫“中央防灾会议”，简称“中防会议”，委员包括全体内阁大臣加上日本银行总裁、日本红十字会社长、日本放送协会(NHK)会长、日本电报电话株式会社(NTT)社长还有四名灾害学方面的学术权威。这个会议是专门负责制定全国的防灾基本计划，以及审议有关防灾的各宗重要事项。“中防会议”下设一个“专门调查会”为会议提供各种资料。5月14日，这个专门调查会公布了一份最新的资料，对日本可能发生的大型地震造成的危害进行了估算。报告公布的前两天中国四川省发生了8级特大地震，造成六万余人死亡(截至发稿时)的惨剧。这份报告更引起了日本人的注意。
这份报告估算了在南北纵贯大阪府长达42公里的上町断层和在爱知县西部长达51公里的猿投一高浜断层在冬季正午发生7．6级地震的情况下可能发生的后果。报告显示在大阪发生“近畿地震”的情况下死亡人数可能高达四万余人，倒塌房屋97万栋，占建筑物总数的82％，造成的直接经济损失74万亿日元(约合7400亿美元)，而日本政府的年间预算不到90万亿日元。在爱知县发生“中部地震”的直接被害是死亡3万，倒塌房屋占建筑物总数的76％，经济损失33万亿日元(约合3300亿美元)。除了这些直接的经济损失以外，由于交通网被破坏，物流不通而引起的经济损失分别是34000亿日元和39000亿日元。分别有550万人和250万人的难民出现，光是近畿一带水电气生活线的复原就要花费44000亿日元。这次的估算报告没有包括预计发生在关东地区的“东海地震”，但前几年对首都圈地震的估算是死亡人数11000，直接经济损失106万亿日元(约合一万亿美元)。
这个估算报告值得注意的地方是直接死亡人数和经济损失的数字。东京发生地震的经济损失虽然最大，但死亡人数的倒反而最低。这是因为东京地区集中了全部的中央部门，和绝大多数大企业的总部，从而是全日本防震对策执行得最好的地方的缘故。这一点就充分说明了防灾的重要性。
日本的防灾意识确实很强，这是因为日本的灾害实在太多了的缘故。众所周知日本是地震多发国家，这是因为有四个板块，欧亚板块、太平洋板块、北美板块和菲律宾板块在这个占地面积仅有地球总面积0．25％的弹丸之地交汇，板块间的运动使得日本列岛就像在摇篮上一样不断晃动。日本民间有句俗话说四件最可怕的东西是“地震、火灾、打雷、老爹”，其中地震放在首位。光20世纪袭击了日本列岛，造成死亡人数在一千人以上的地震就有10次，其中1923年的关东大地震和1995年的阪神大地震是分别造成了10万人和6400人的死亡的特大型地震。除了地震之外，日本常见的自然灾害还有台风、海啸、暴雨、火山爆发等，经常造成大规模生命财产的损失，像1959年的伊势湾台风就造成了5000人的死亡。所以日本人的防灾意识很强。
日本在1947年制定了第一部有关灾害的《灾害救助法》，规定了在发生自然灾害时如何协调中央政府和各地方自治体之间在救护灾民，安置灾民方面的劳务、设施、设备、物资和资金的运作。1950年又将1920年制定的主要是有关城市规划的《市街地建筑物法》修改为《建筑基准法》，将其重点放到保护国民的生命、财产和健康，成为建筑用地、构造、设备和用途必须满足的“最低基准”。
伊势湾台风灾害使日本人更加认识了“防灾”比“救灾”更为重要。1961年制定了《灾害对策基本法》，确立了中央和地方的防灾体制j明确了责任。从法律的地位规定了各地必须制定防灾计划、救灾计划和确认有关防灾的财政金融措施，从此开始了有计划地整备和推进所谓“防灾行政”。
从研究历史数据中发现大地震一般有一个所谓“七十年周期”，这样在1923年袭击了东京，夺去了10万人生命的“关东大地震”会不会卷土重来就成了日本全国担心的事情，于是在1978年出台了一部地震专门法律《大规模地震对策特别措置法》，规定了指定有可能发生大规模地震的地区为“地震防灾对策强化区域”，规定了医院、百货店、旅馆和剧场这类人员进出较多的地方，从事石油、高压气、火药等行业的公司，铁道等旅客运输业务必须制定各自的《地震防灾应急计划》，各地必须确保地震时的避难通道和避难所。
自然灾害避难所不是简单地随意指定一个地方就行了，而是地方行政当局根据防灾会议所制定的防灾计划设置，由地方行政当局联合红十字会一起运营和管理的、平时就储备有一定防灾物资(所谓“防灾仓库”)的场所。一般各地都是公立中小学兼做发生自然灾害时的避难所。这是因为中小学都拥有体育馆等设施，能够容纳较多难民；学校和周围建筑物都有隔离带，这样可以防止发生自然灾害时火灾的延烧；更重要的是公立中小学的建筑费用出自政府预算，比较宽裕，而且公立中小学平时就在地方政府的管理之下。
Japanese people have such little household a map is issued each Ward area "disaster shelter" map, which indicates the region in case of floods, typhoons, landslides, tsunami and typhoon shelter when.
Japanese are also very unique home furnishings. Almost no Japanese bedroom furniture, bedding and so on in the closet, closets are horizontal sliding door. In addition to space-saving horizontal sliding doors, there is a feature of the earthquake shaking will not automatically open, resulting in the things which kept sliding out of wounding. Comparison of Japanese families in general as much as possible the heavy furniture to the ceiling support, it can not support the above plus a retractable support feet, and ceilings as a whole, to avoid the earthquake collapse. Japanese car trunk generally have a "disaster box "which is some dry food, drinking water, flashlight, first aid kit or something.
Japanese government has a prime minister as president of the permanent organization called "Central Disaster Prevention Council", referred to as "the anti-meeting", members include all cabinet ministers with the Bank of Japan President, Japanese Red Cross President, Japan Broadcasting Association ( NHK) President of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) There are four Disaster president of the academic authority. This meeting is specifically responsible for developing the country" accident prevention plan and review the list of these important issues related to disaster prevention. "The anti-meeting" consists of a "special investigation will" provide a variety of materials for the meeting.May 14, the special investigation will be published an updated information on the occurrence of large earthquakes in Japan may be the damage was estimated. Two days before the publication of the report occurred in Sichuan, China magnitude 8 earthquake, killing six million people died (as of press time) of the tragedy. The report has attracted the attention of the Japanese.
The report estimates the Osaka Prefecture in north-south longitudinal upper 42 km-long fault and in Aichi town 51 kilometers west of the apes cast for up to a fault in the winter noon Takahama 7.6 magnitude earthquake occurred in the case of the possible consequences. Report occurred in Osaka, "Kinki earthquake" in the case of the death toll could reach four million people, 970,000 houses collapsed, accounting for 82% of the total number of buildings, causing direct economic losses of 74 trillion yen (about $ 740,000,000,000 ), while the Japanese government annual budget less than 90 trillion yen.Occurred in Aichi Prefecture, "the central earthquake" direct victim is killed 3 million houses collapsed buildings accounted for 76% of the total economic loss of 33 trillion yen (about 330 billion U.S. dollars). In addition to these direct economic loss outside the network is damaged due to transportation, logistics and economic losses caused by barrier were 3.4 trillion yen and 3.9 trillion yen. 550 million people were refugees and 250 million people there, just along the water, electric life line Kinki recovery will have to spend 4.4 trillion yen.The report did not include estimates of expected to occur in the Kanto region, "Tokai earthquake", but the first few years of the Capital earthquake death toll estimate is 11,000, the direct economic loss of 106 trillion yen (about one trillion U.S. dollars).
This estimate is worth noting that the report places the number of deaths and economic losses directly to the figures. Tokyo earthquake economic losses although the largest, but the number of deaths down but the lowest. This is because the concentration of all the Tokyo area, the central departments, and most of the headquarters of large enterprises, which are earthquake countermeasures in Japan where the implementation of the best sake. This has fully demonstrated the importance of disaster prevention.
Japan disaster prevention awareness is indeed very strong, this is because too many disasters in Japan sake. As we all know Japan is earthquake-prone countries, it is because there are four plates, the Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, North American plate and the Philippine plate in the Earth total area covers an area of only 0.25% of the tiny intersection between plates Movement makes the Japanese archipelago as in the cradle, like constantly shaking. Japanese people have a saying four most dangerous thing is the earthquake, fire, thunder, Daddy, which the earthquake the first place.Light of the 20th century attacked the Japanese archipelago, the number of deaths caused by the earthquake in more than a thousand people there 10 times, including the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake and the Kobe earthquake in 1995 caused 10 million people, respectively, and 6,400 deaths large earthquake. In addition to the earthquake, the Japanese common natural disasters, there are typhoons, tsunamis, storms, volcanic eruptions, often causing massive loss of life and property, such as Ise Bay in 1959 typhoon caused 5,000 people to death. Therefore, a strong sense of Japanese disaster prevention.
Japan first established in 1947, the Ministry of Disaster, <Disaster Relief Act> provides in the event of natural disasters how to coordinate the central government and between local governments in the rescue of the victims, the victims aspects of resettlement services, facilities, equipment, supplies and financial operations. 1920, 1950, in turn mainly on urban development planning, <Urban Land Buildings Act> to <Building Standards Law> its focus to protecting people lives, property and health, become a building site, construction, equipment and purposes must meet the "minimum benchmark."
Ise Bay typhoon disasters in the Japanese more aware of the "disaster" than "disaster relief "is more important. 1961, developed a "Disaster Countermeasures Basic Law", established the system of central and local disaster prevention and j defined responsibilities. Provides for the legal status of disaster preparedness plan must be developed around, disaster relief plan and confirm the fiscal and financial measures, was the beginning of a planned readiness and promote the so-called "disaster prevention".
Historical data from the study found that large earthquakes generally have a so-called cycle of seven years, so that attacked Tokyo in 1923, claimed 10 million lives in the Great Kanto Earthquake will not return to Japan became worried about things, so introduced in 1978 a massive earthquake earthquake countermeasure special law renew, in particular law provides for a possible large-scale earthquake in the specified areas for earthquake disaster prevention measures to strengthen regional, provides hospitals, department stores, hotels and theaters such personnel access to more places,Engaged in oil, high pressure gas, gunpowder and other industry companies, and railway passenger transport services must develop their own "Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Emergency Plan", all localities must ensure that the earthquake evacuation routes and shelters.
Natural disasters, shelters are not simply assign a random place on the line, but the local administration established by the Conference under the disaster preparedness plans set by the local administration and management of joint operations with the Red Cross, usually to reserve a certain disaster supplies (the so-called "disaster Warehouse") in place. Generally cater to all parts of the public school a haven for natural disasters.This is because the schools have sports facilities that can accommodate more refugees; school and have a buffer zone around the building, which can prevent the spread of fire to natural disasters; more importantly, public school construction costs from the Government Budget, more comfortable, and usually in public schools under the management of local government.
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