1.( A )such a heavy loss,the businessman didn't have the courage to go on .
A. Having suffered
B.Suffered
为什么选A啊,B为什么不可以啊?是不是独立主格什么的?
这里考察的是非谓语的用法,不是独立主格.suffer是the businessman发出的,所以二者是主动(动宾)关系(Suffered 的话就是被动关系,句意讲不通),使用V-ing形式.再有,动作发生在在说话人之前,因此借助have.
独立主格
1独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
例如: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
2 with的复合结构作独立主格
表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如:
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
典型例题
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如:A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)劫匪冲进房间,手里拿着刀。
2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。例如:
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他躺在那儿,牙紧咬,双手握拳,两眼直勾勾看着上面。
典型例题:
Weather___, we”ll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为”天气允许”,表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we”ll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可
2.there are many clubs for you to choose .which one would you like to ( B)?
A join in B join
为什么A不可啊?
join sb.(人) sb可以广泛理解为是组织,团体 (人多了不就成团体了嘛)
join in + 参加的活动,赛事(物).
3.no student (B ) a lecture that was so boring to them would be interested.....
A. attended B attending
为什么A不选啊,当动词过去式..陈述一个事实
本句的谓语是would ,句子的主干是.no student would be interested..... attending 做非谓语,与 student是主动关系.
that was so boring to them 做定语修饰lecture
4.mother was worried because little D was ill,especially (A )father was away in France.
A. as B for C since
为什么不选for啊?不是也有表示原因的意思啊?如果A的话,那为什么不选since啊?这几个用法有什么不同啊?
as和since比较类似, 表示众所周知的原因, 翻译时可以解为"既然..." 但两者相比, since比较正式一点. 可以用在句首, 句中.
eg, Since you have been there before, you needn't go again.
因为/既然你以前已经去过,你就没必要再去一次了.
for只表示补充说明的原因, 也可表示从表面现象推测出来的原因, 主从句位置通常可以调换也成立, 只能用在句中, 前面要有逗号与主句分开.
eg, He is absent today, for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today
从你问的几个问题来看,非谓语掌握的不好,找本语法书,做一些.
还有,句子比较长的话,先找主干,也就是谓语动词,然后再看其余的不过是定语,状语,等修饰成分.
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