(1)X元素的质量分数为40.6%,则碳、氢元素的质量分数之和为59.4%,而分子中碳、氢元素的质量比为12:1,求出碳、氢元素的质量分数分别为:59.4%×
=54.8%,59.4%×
=4.6%,又因卤代烃RX
2相对分子质量为175,所以一个卤代烃RX
2的分子中含有碳原子的个数为
=8,含有氢原子的个数为
=8,而12×8+1×8+M(X)×2=175,所以M(X)=35.5,所以X为Cl,所以分子式为:C
8H
8Cl
2,故答案为:C
8H
8Cl
2;
(2)①根据M、P发生缩聚反应可知,M为E二元醇,N为二元酸,所以M→N→P是醇连续两次氧化生成酸,N为二元醛,含有两个醛基,故答案为:氧化反应;醛基;
②因C
8H
8Cl
2是卤代烃,而卤代烃在碱性条件下发生水解反应生成醇,故答案为:NaOH溶液;
③因C
8H
8Cl
2是卤代烃,结合M、P发生缩聚反应的产物的结构,所以M、P的结构简式分别为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/6a600c338744ebf8b624cd8edaf9d72a6059a72e?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
、
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0e2442a7d933c8959ae131cad21373f0830200e7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,所以反应Ⅱ的化学方程式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4afbfbedab64034f2e526bb7acc379310b551de7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4afbfbedab64034f2e526bb7acc379310b551de7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(3)因卤代烃在碱性条件下发生水解反应生成氯化氢,氯化氢能与硝酸银溶液反应生成白色沉淀,所以取少量卤代烃置于试管中,加入1mL5%的NaOH溶液,充分振荡、静置,待溶液分层后取上层水溶液,加入另一只盛有10mL稀硝酸溶液的试管中,然后加入2-3滴2%的硝酸银溶液,有白色沉淀生成,故答案为:取少量卤代烃置于试管中,加入1mL5%的NaOH溶液,充分振荡、静置,待溶液分层后取上层水溶液,加入另一只盛有10mL稀硝酸溶液的试管中,然后加入2-3滴2%的硝酸银溶液,有白色沉淀生成;
(4)因苯环上氢原子的种类决定了一溴代物的种类,故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d1a20cf431adcbefa261d7b7afaf2edda3cc9f2e?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
(任选一种).