2、摘下的土豆如果在适宜环境中很长时间都不会发芽，说明其进入了休眠期，等它适应环境后就会开始发芽。土豆休眠期会受到温度影响，25°C左右休眠期可以持续一个月或者三个月，温度低于5°C时它可以长时间休眠。
3、适合土豆这类植株成长的气温为16℃-18℃，土壤温度如果高于25℃时就会不利于块茎生长。它的叶片适宜生长温度是15℃-25℃，温度大于35℃也不利于其生长。
1.发芽期：播种后20天左右幼苗开始出土。从芽萌生至出苗是发芽期，进行主茎第一段的生长，发芽期生长的中心在芽的伸长，发根和形成匍匐茎，营养和水分主要靠种薯，按茎叶和根的顺序供给。
Germination period：Seedlings began to be unearthed about 20 days after sowing. From Bud initiation to seedling emergence is the germination period, the growth of the first segment of the main stem is carried out, and the center of the germination period is the elongation of the bud, the roots and the formation of the stolons. Nutrition and water mainly depend on the seeds of the potato, and are supplied in the order of stems and leaves and roots.
2.幼苗期：25天左右幼苗长高。从出苗到第六叶或第八叶展平，即完成一个叶序的生长，成为“团棵”，是主茎第二段生长，为土豆的幼苗期。幼苗期经过的时间比较短，不论春作或秋作，只有短短半个多月。
Seedling period：Seedlings grow tall about 25 days. From the seedling to the sixth leaf or the eighth leaf, it completes the growth of a leaf sequence and becomes a "cluster tree". It is the second growth of the main stem and is the seedling period of the potato. The time passed during the young seedling period is relatively short, regardless of spring or autumn, only a little more than half a month.
3.发棵开花期：45天左右土豆苗开花。从团棵到第十二或第十六叶展平，早熟品种以第一花序开花；晚熟品种以第二花序开花，为土豆的发棵期，为时一个月左右，是主茎第三段的生长。发棵期主茎开始急剧拔高，占总高度50%左右，主茎叶已全部建成，并有分枝及分枝叶的扩展。
Flowering period：About 45 days the potato seedlings bloom. From the group tree to the twelfth or sixteenth leaf, the precocious varieties bloom in the first inflorescence; The late-ripened varieties bloom in the second inflorescence, which is the flowering period of the potato. It is about one month and is the growth of the third stem. During the initiation period, the main stem began to rise sharply, accounting for about 50 % of the total height. The main stem and leaf have all been built, and there are branches and branches.
4.结薯期：90天左右土豆可以收获。即茎块的形成期，发棵期完成后，便进入以块茎生长为主的结薯期，此期茎叶生长日益减少，基部叶片开始转黄和枯萎，植株各部分的有机养分不断向块茎输送，块茎随之加快膨大，尤其在开花期后10天膨大最快。结薯期的长短受气候条件，病害和品种熟性等影响，一般在30-50天。
Potato period:Potatoes can be harvested in about 90 days. That is, after the stem block formation period is completed, it enters the tuber growing stage, which is dominated by tuber growth. During this period, the stem and leaf growth are decreasing, the base leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, and the organic nutrients in each part of the plant are continuously transported to the tubers. The tubers then accelerate their expansion. Especially in the 10 days after the flowering period. The length of the potato season is affected by climatic conditions, disease and variety maturity, and is generally 30-50 days.
扩展资料：
1.土豆，又名马铃薯，洋山芋，茄科茄属，高15-80厘米，无毛或被疏柔毛。茎分地上茎和地下茎两部分。土豆是中国五大主食之一，其营养价值高、适应力强、产量大，是全球第三大重要的粮食作物，仅次于小麦和玉米。
2.土豆是块茎繁殖，可入药，性平味甘，可以治胃痛、痄肋、痈肿等疾病。作为食物，其保存周期不宜太长，一定要低温、干燥、密闭保存。
3.土豆的生产对温度有严格的的要求：块茎生长适温是16℃-18℃，当地温高于25℃时，块茎停止生长；茎叶生长对的适温是15℃-25℃，超过39℃停止生长。
参考资料：
马铃薯的生长时期通常称为生长期。根据生长期的长短，可分为早熟品种、中熟品种和晚熟品种。早熟品种从出苗到收获约60天；中熟品种从出苗到收获约80天；晚熟品种从出苗到收获约100天。此外：从播种马铃薯到出苗大约需要20-30天。马铃薯喜欢钾肥，其次是氮肥，最少是磷肥。但不同的生长季节有不同的养分需求。氮肥用多了，叶片更茂盛，光合作用旺盛，增加有机物的积累，提高蛋白质的含量，如果氮肥用多了，会造成植株生长成熟期推迟，降低产量，磷肥可以。
让土壤健壮改良，提高马铃薯的贮藏能力，增加淀粉含量，如果缺少磷肥光合作用减弱，产量降低，马铃薯容易出现空心硬化煮不烂，磷肥过多会造成邻水化合物的消耗过大，叶片肥大容易过早老化。马铃薯种植面积为每亩5000~5500穴，种子用量为每亩140~160公斤，宽行窄株，行株距为25厘米。阴天播种最好，晴天播种应避开中午高温时段。苗高15厘米左右时提土，增加土壤的通透性，有利于高产。本回答被网友采纳