虚拟语气
表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气, 虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,而不是根据客观实际。
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:主语+过去时
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do
eg: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:主语+had done
主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:去晚了) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小)
4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 eg: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 eg: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…, but for…等 eg: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
7、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道) c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) (注:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的状语从句中
1、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + do。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。
2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略
2.insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点”则不用虚拟语气。
3.suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
学习虚拟语气时,重要的还是多记多背,多练习!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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