第1个回答 2011-10-25
词义的选择：
1. 上下文
The meaning and/or the word class of a polyseme can only be decided in certain context. For example:
cover:
They laid him on a stretcher and covered him with a blanket.
他们把他放上担架，给他盖上毯子。
The bandages were covered in blood.
绷带上浸透了血。
We covered 400km in three hours.
三个小时我们赶了400公里路。
Do these parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors?
这些停车限制对本地住户和外来人员同样适用吗？
The new office will cover the whole of Scotland.
新的办事处业务遍及全苏格兰。
She’s covering the American election for BBC television.
她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道美国大选。
I’m going to the doctor’s tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me?
明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班吗？
Will £50 cover your expense?
50英镑够你花了吗？
Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash?
你的旅行保险金能补偿你的现金丢失或失窃吗？
I think more singers have covered “Yesterday” than any other song.
我想和其他他歌相比，“Yesterday”被更多的歌手翻唱过。
We’ve got all the exits covered, so they’ve got no chance of escape.
我们封锁了所有的出口，使他们插翅难逃。
back:
She put the saddle on the horse’s back.
She backed the car out of the narrow road.
Will you back me against the others?
The organization is backed by the U.N.
Our cat has broken one of her back legs.
When you have done with these magazines, remember to put them back.
Reference Version:
她把马鞍放在马背上。
她把车子倒出窄路。
你会支持我反对其他人吗？
该组织由联合国资助。
我们的猫断了一条后腿。
你读完杂志后记得放回原处。
2. 搭配
Sometimes different Chinese Words should be employed to transfer the same English word in order to form proper collocation.
e.g. exercise:
exercise options（行使选择权）；
exercise monopoly（实施垄断）；
exercise judgment（作出判断）；
exercise democracy（实行民主）；
exercise responsibility（履行责任）；
exercise influence（施加影响）
3. 形态
In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.) lead to great difference in word meaning. For example:
1) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.
这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色的琉璃瓦盖成的。
2) She rejected his advances during the trip to Cannes.
在去戛纳的旅程中她拒绝了他的求爱。
词义的引申：
A 虚实引申
1. 具体化引申
英语中也用代表抽象概念或属性的词表示具体事物，译成汉语时一般作具体化引申（concretion) 。
e.g. During the meeting, the Chinese Premier met respectively with his German, British and Japanese counterparts.
会议期间，中国总理分别会晤了德国总理、英国首相和日本国内阁总理大臣。
B 术语移用
e.g. Ulysses Grant once explained his military success by writing, “The fact is I think I am a verb, instead of a personal pronoun.”
尤利西斯格兰特将军曾对自己的军事成就作了如下评价：“事实上，我认为自己是个动词（独立而富于行动）；而不是个人称代词（从属而被动）。”
e.g. U.S. influence and prestige nosedived in Africa
美国在非洲的影响和声望急剧下降。
C 逻辑引申
e.g. Really, though, the books were about money – who has it, where to hide it, what a suit of clothing costs, how long you can keep the butcher waiting.
实际上，这些书与金钱息息相关——谁得到了它，把它藏到哪儿，一身衣服要多少钱，你能在肉贩那儿赊多久的帐。本回答被提问者采纳