1.生晒参
外形:真品为纺锤形的圆柱体,主根肩部有横纹,且具有明显的纵皱,逐渐往下分叉为2-3条侧根,叫做参腿,较短并弯曲;在末端有许多细长参须。
色泽:表面呈灰黄色,横断面呈淡黄色。
味道:闻之有特殊气味,品尝微甘而略苦。
2.红参
外形:真品呈圆柱形,体表有纵沟,皱纹,根部可见横纹,下部有2-3条扭曲交叉的参腿。
色泽:表面半透明,为红棕色或深红色,少许参上部不透明,呈暗黄色斑块。
味道:闻之有微香,但尝之,味微甜。
假冒人参有野豇豆、栌兰、山莴苣、商德、桔梗、莨菪等。与真参主要区别是根茎部无芦碗,肩无环纹,参身有根,表皮粗糙,气味各异有刺激感。
一、正品人参
1、生晒参。有芦头芦碗及短支根,外皮棕黄色,纵皱明显,质较硬,断面黄棕色,棕色形成环明显,皮部有芝麻点。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7acb0a46f21fbe097bf1d10e65600c338744ad78"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7acb0a46f21fbe097bf1d10e65600c338744ad78?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7acb0a46f21fbe097bf1d10e65600c338744ad78"/>
2、红参。单芦头,主根长,支根短,表红棕色半透明,有时有灰黄斑,质硬,断面红棕色。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4034970a304e251f1113f4e2a986c9177e3e53c7"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4034970a304e251f1113f4e2a986c9177e3e53c7?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/4034970a304e251f1113f4e2a986c9177e3e53c7"/>
3、糖参。芦头有或无,体饱满,外皮黄白色,有针刺疤及糖结晶,质硬而脆,断面黄白。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc5f579c8bc311728b47102845"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc5f579c8bc311728b47102845?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dc5f579c8bc311728b47102845"/>
4、朝鲜红参。常见双芦称蝴蝶芦,主要粗长,多成方柱形,表红棕半透明,芦头与参体间有明显横缩环。
5、朝鲜白参。圆锥或圆柱形,主体略粗短,有分枝白色。以上正品显微镜检查,外韧维管束有树脂道、簇晶。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d043ad4bd11373f038597c85aa0f4bfbfbed0441"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d043ad4bd11373f038597c85aa0f4bfbfbed0441?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/d043ad4bd11373f038597c85aa0f4bfbfbed0441"/>
二、伪品人参
1、土人参。马齿苋科土人参的根,无芦头、芦碗,外韧式维管束,有簇晶。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df431adcbef76097510848520dda3cc7cd99e94"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df431adcbef76097510848520dda3cc7cd99e94?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df431adcbef76097510848520dda3cc7cd99e94"/>
2、华山参。茄科华山参的根,无芦头、芦碗,外韧式维管束有簇晶。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/37d3d539b6003af31f27c07a3b2ac65c1038b60e"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/37d3d539b6003af31f27c07a3b2ac65c1038b60e?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/37d3d539b6003af31f27c07a3b2ac65c1038b60e"/>
3、商陆。商科商陆或美洲商陆的要,无芦头、芦碗,表面有皮孔,断面有同心环,同心三生维管束有针晶。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df3d7ca7bcb0a46febb97236563f6246b60af0a"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df3d7ca7bcb0a46febb97236563f6246b60af0a?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0df3d7ca7bcb0a46febb97236563f6246b60af0a"/>
4、野豇豆。豆科野豇豆的根,无芦头、芦碗,有豆腥气,外韧维管束有树脂道。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/aec379310a55b3192f359e6f4da98226cefc17df"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/aec379310a55b3192f359e6f4da98226cefc17df?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/aec379310a55b3192f359e6f4da98226cefc17df"/>
5、桔梗。桔梗科桔梗的根,有芦头、芦碗,有横绞及纵皱。
/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/960a304e251f95ca51ce8dacc7177f3e670952f4"target="_blank"title="点击查看大图"class="ikqb_img_alink">/iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/960a304e251f95ca51ce8dacc7177f3e670952f4?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto"esrc="https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/960a304e251f95ca51ce8dacc7177f3e670952f4"/>
扩展资料:
人参的主要特征
人参为多年生宿根草本,人参主根高30-60厘米,肥厚,肉质,黄白色,圆柱形或纺锤形,下面稍有分枝;根状茎(芦头)短,直立。
人参茎直立,圆柱形,不分枝;一年生植株茎顶只有一叶,叶具三小叶,俗名“三花”;二年生茎仍只一叶,但具5小叶,叫“巴掌”;三年生者具有二个对生的5小叶的复叶,叫“二甲子”;四年生者增至3个轮生复叶,叫“灯台子”;五年生者增至4个轮生复叶,叫“四匹叶”;六年生者茎顶有5个轮生复叶,叫“五匹叶”。
人参复叶掌状,小叶3-5片,中间3片近等大,有小叶柄;小叶片椭圆形或微呈倒卵形,长4-15厘米,宽2-6.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔形,边缘有细锯齿,上面脉上散生少数刚毛,下面无毛,最下1对小叶甚小,无小叶柄。
参考资料来源:/sd.people.com.cn/n2/2017/0322/c172848-29899336.html"target="_blank"title="人民网-怎么辨别真假人参怎么挑选人参">人民网-怎么辨别真假人参怎么挑选人参
参考资料来源:/baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%82/6226#2"target="_blank"title="百度百科-人参(五加科人参)">百度百科-人参(五加科人参)